| The purpose of a nonprofit organization is clear. It | | | | managed over $80,000 and another $200,000 |
| is a self governing entity established to attend the | | | | pending. As I interviewed Amy she talked about |
| needs of the less fortunate. Although established | | | | the moment things went bad. |
| as corporations, the aim of nonprofit organizations | | | | "I remember sifting through our usual stack of |
| is not the same as its counterpart the for-profit | | | | credit card offers, and bills to find a letter |
| corporation. Revenue generated through | | | | addressed to our organization in regards to a |
| nonprofits is used for the benefit of its purpose | | | | program we were no longer affiliated with. At |
| and mission to the public. Local and federal | | | | least that is what I was told six months ago. The |
| government systems rely heavily on nonprofit | | | | letter read, 'Dear Family Center, we would like to |
| entities to provide service to constituents they | | | | thank you for resubmitting the Departmental |
| are unable to assist. To ensure the quality of life | | | | Services Grant..., a copy of your written proposal |
| of the American public government organizations | | | | is attached.' Confused I flipped through the |
| stream funding sources to nonprofits nationwide | | | | proposal to find that the Motherhood program, |
| through large sums of money in the form of | | | | that we were not affiliated with, had 500,000 in |
| grants. Nonprofits who agree to accept the grant | | | | grant funds. This letter was also signed -- |
| also agree to strict government regulations to | | | | supposedly by ME! I sat staring at the application |
| ensure accountability. The ambiguity of this | | | | dated and signed by me two months before I |
| relationship opens a window of challenges faced | | | | was hired." Amy stated that she was told that |
| by the majority of public administrators today. | | | | the Departmental Services grant was managed |
| The social application of justice is defined as, | | | | by their new Executive Director for the Phoenix |
| "individually the moral issues having to deal with | | | | Home for Girls. She was also advised that the |
| goods or property" Stanford Encyclopedia of | | | | board of directors who were all new and elected |
| Philosophy (2002). In regards to nonprofits this | | | | two weeks before her hire date were not |
| requires the Founding officer and/or Chief | | | | affiliated with the Phoenix Home for Girls or their |
| Executive to refrain from such actions as stealing, | | | | funds. After questioning the oldest member she |
| fabricating documents and lying to sustain its | | | | found before her position with the organization |
| status with the funding agency. As stated by | | | | there was a huge controversy within the group |
| William Frankena, this account of justice seems | | | | home. The funds were mismanaged and the |
| circular and ungrounded, because if one's just | | | | organization threw their hands up of the entire |
| deserts depend on how virtuous one is and it is | | | | situation. The previous director was to cancel the |
| also defined by individual motivation and purpose. | | | | grant in the organization's name and turn it over |
| For example, individual motivation to continue | | | | to the home. Amy now knew that this was not |
| service to hundreds of constituents may lead him | | | | the case. To keep the program going the |
| or her to fabricate what they conclude as | | | | previous director forged her name on the grant |
| miniscule information such as; allocating funds to | | | | which held the organization responsible. She also |
| reinforcement incentives for a youth advocacy | | | | found that the money issue was worse than |
| program when it is not warranted in the solicited | | | | anyone could imagine. They were in debt because |
| grant proposal. The Executive in this case is able | | | | of mismanaged over $30,000. Intrigued by her |
| to increase youth participation which allows him or | | | | response I asked Amy how she handled the |
| her to deliver a much needed best practice which | | | | situation. |
| in turn increases the grade point average program | | | | "I had to call a special board meeting," she said |
| recipients. Whereas, another Executive may | | | | solemnly. "Reluctantly members resolved to have |
| constitute no moral need to fabricate such | | | | all aspects of the home come through me. |
| information and is willing to vacate the entire | | | | Finances, reports, everything would have to be |
| program to maintain integrity. In either result the | | | | approved. The next few months were tough. The |
| ambiguity that lies within the government | | | | Phoenix home budget was cut drastically and to |
| accountability supersede the value of the program | | | | my surprise the staff rebelled. I was alone and |
| to its local community. To sanction such acts | | | | the silent resistance went turned from icy stares |
| would increase social equity challenges nationwide. | | | | to withholding company checks. Managing forty |
| According to the National Academy of Public | | | | employees and over a half a million dollar budget I |
| Administration (2005) social equity is; the fair, just | | | | worked fourteen hour days. With little experience |
| and equitable management of all institutions | | | | and no advisement I felt physically alone. The |
| serving the public directly or by contract. Similar | | | | dizzy spells, which I found later were panic |
| to social justice, social equity focuses on the | | | | attacks, grew frequent. For the first time in my |
| moral liability, yet it enhances its meaning by | | | | life I thought God had abandoned me. I lost hope |
| centralizing its focus on the institution as a whole. | | | | and if there were mistakes to be made, I began |
| Although, key Executives are spotlighted in | | | | making them." |
| current events, social equity entails overall | | | | The complexity of this situation is apparent. |
| governance of a nonprofit organization's policies, | | | | Although, the group home problem did not begin |
| procedures, and standards. Whereas social justice | | | | with Amy, it caused a domino effect on the new |
| focuses on individual respect of assets and | | | | programs the community approved of. Social |
| property, social equity accompanies an | | | | equity of the nonprofit was compromised when |
| organization's relationship with the distribution of | | | | funds from the newly developed programs were |
| services and/or property to its constituents. On a | | | | used to balance the budget of the diminishing |
| national level the United States government | | | | group home. The board was under scrutiny due |
| continues to face challenges in this area. "US: | | | | to several missing documents and unreported |
| Protect Women Fleeing Violence", an article | | | | funds from the past three years. No matter what |
| written on December 10, 2008 by Human Rights | | | | decision the poor executive made, the nonprofit |
| Watch.org, is one example of a social equity | | | | could not be saved. |
| challenge. The article illustrates the United States | | | | This case although extreme is a perfect example |
| asylum policy falls short of protecting women | | | | of the complexities faced by executives in the |
| fleeing abusive relationships whose own | | | | field. One must ask the question, how do we as |
| governments have already failed to protect them. | | | | Public Administrator's combat the challenges |
| Another example provided in the National | | | | caused by the ignorance of others in the |
| Academy of Public Administration's (2005) states; | | | | profession? How can we ensure that executives |
| in 2000, three out of four of offsite commercial | | | | are properly trained on the importance of |
| hazardous waste landfills in EPA Region IV were | | | | compliance and collaboration between peers and |
| located in predominately African American | | | | the community? With the ambiguity between |
| Communities. Although, the previous examples | | | | government compliance of nonprofit organizations |
| give us an understanding of the concept of social | | | | as opposed to its for-profit counterpart social and |
| justice and social equity, we cannot fathom the | | | | ethical challenges are bound to occur. As we |
| complexity of this issue as it is dealt with current | | | | continue to research ways to unify education for |
| Executives in the field of Public Administration. To | | | | administrators, we also continue to struggle with |
| further examine this concept we will analyze the | | | | challenges within the profession. |
| case of an actual nonprofit executive as they | | | | References |
| faced ethical challenges. | | | | National Academy of Public Administration's |
| We will refer to the nonprofit executive as Amy | | | | research committee, Standing Panel on Social |
| for confidentiality purposes. Amy began her | | | | Equity in |
| endeavors like most, with a dream to change the | | | | Governance. Sounding the Call to the Public |
| world. Armed with a grant writing book, and | | | | Administration Community: The Social Equity |
| ambition the infamous trial by error method | | | | Challenges in the U.S. (2005). |
| successfully led her in circles. Like most my heart | | | | Slote, Michael. (2002). Justice as a Virtue. Stanford |
| was in the right place, but with little knowledge | | | | Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved February 8, |
| mistakes were inevitable. Her only experience | | | | 2009, from plato.stanford.edu/entries |
| involved a few unfunded grants and two | | | | justice-virtue/ |
| approved 501(c)(3) applications. | | | | Frankena, William. (1973) Ethics, 2nd edit: |
| In the beginning things were great for Amy. With | | | | Princetice-Hall. |
| no programs in existence upon hire she I was | | | | Rhoad, Meghan. |
| thrilled when in less than a year her organization | | | | |